english grammar lessons : Prepositions

What is a Preposition?

A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition. A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence as in the following examples:

The book is on the table.

The book is beneath the table.

The book is leaning against the table.

The book is beside the table.

She held the book over the table.

She read the book during class.

In each of the preceding sentences, a preposition locates the noun "book" in space or in time.

A prepositional phrase is made up of the preposition, its object and any associated adjectives or adverbs. A prepositional phrase can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. The most common prepositions are "about," "above," "across," "after," "against," "along," "among," "around," "at," "before," "behind," "below," "beneath," "beside," "between," "beyond," "but," "by," "despite," "down," "during," "except," "for," "from," "in," "inside," "into," "like," "near," "of," "off," "on," "onto," "out," "outside," "over," "past," "since," "through," "throughout," "till," "to," "toward," "under," "underneath," "until," "up," "upon," "with," "within," and "without."

Each of the highlighted words in the following sentences is a preposition:

The children climbed the mountain without fear.

In this sentence, the preposition "without" introduces the noun "fear." The prepositional phrase "without fear" functions as an adverb describing how the children climbed.

There was rejoicing throughout the land when the government was defeated.

Here, the preposition "throughout" introduces the noun phrase "the land." The prepositional phrase acts as an adverb describing the location of the rejoicing.

The spider crawled slowly along the banister.

The preposition "along" introduces the noun phrase "the banister" and the prepositional phrase "along the banister" acts as an adverb, describing where the spider crawled.

The dog is hiding under the porch because it knows it will be punished for chewing up a new pair of shoes.

Here the preposition "under" introduces the prepositional phrase "under the porch," which acts as an adverb modifying the compound verb "is hiding."

The screenwriter searched for the manuscript he was certain was somewhere in his office.

Similarly in this sentence, the preposition "in" introduces a prepositional phrase "in his office," which acts as an adverb describing the location of the missing papers.

Exercise on Prepositions – Place

Fill the gaps with the correct prepositions.

1. We live atinon London.
2. Would you like to go atinto the cinema tonight?
3. No, thanks. I was atintoto the cinema yesterday.
4. We are going inonto holiday next week.
5. There is a bridge acrossthroughoutside the river.
6. The flight from Leipzig to London was aboutalongvia Frankfurt.
7. AtOnOnto my wall, there are many picture postcards.
8. Who is the person atinon this picture?
9. Come atininto the sitting room, we want to watch TV.
10. Munich lies 530 meters aboveacrosspast sea level.

Choose the correct prepositions.

I'm Peter and I live of at in Germany. In During At summer I like to travel after to towards Italy, because by from of the weather and the people there. Last summer I took a plane from over against Munich to Rome. From On After the airport we went to our hotel by with on bus. We stopped between up at a small restaurant for a quick meal. The driver parked the bus behind over below the restaurant. Nobody could find the bus and the driver, so we waited outside down on the restaurant for in through one hour. The driver was walking across through off the small park near over round the restaurant which we did not know. So we were very angry along with over him. But my holidays were great. We sat over at round campfires and went dancing for against till the early mornings.

Sources : www.uottawa.ca

learn english grammar with Comparison of Adjectives.

learn english grammar with Comparison of Adjectives are the next topic that I would explain about it, and I have made a summary for it from many links to make easy for you to study. Please enjoy your English learning in simple ways.

Adjective

In grammar, an adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a noun or pronoun, giving more information about the noun or pronoun's definition. Some examples can be seen in the box to the right. Collectively, adjectives form one of the traditional English eight parts of speech, though linguists today distinguish adjectives from words such as determiners that also used to be considered adjectives. Not all languages have adjectives, but most, including English, do. (English adjectives include big, old, and tired, among many others.).

In many languages, adjectives can be compared. In English, for example, we can say that a car is big, that it is bigger than another is, or that it is the biggest car of all. Not all adjectives lend themselves to comparison, however; for example, the English adjective extinct is not considered comparable, in that it does not make sense to describe one species as "more extinct" than another. However, even most non-comparable English adjectives are still sometimes compared; for example, one might say that a language about which nothing is known is "more extinct" than a well-documented language with surviving literature but no speakers. Comparable adjectives are also known as "gradable" adjectives, because they tend to allow grading adverbs such as very, rather, and so on.

There are three forms of comparison:

- positive
- comparative
- superlative

Use the positive form of the adjective if the comparison contains one of the following expressions:

AS + ADJECTIVE + AS
It is used to compare people, places, events or things, when there is no difference,
use as + adjective + as:

• Peter is 24 years old. John is 24 years old. Peter is as old as John.
• Moscow is as cold as St. Petersburg in the winter.
• Reza is as happy as Ronny.
• Einstein is as famous as Columbus.
• A tiger is as dangerous as a lion.

not as … as / not so … as are used when

Difference can also be shown by using not so/as ...as:

• Mont Blanc is not as high as Mount Everest
• Norway is not as sunny as Thailand
• A bicycle is not as expensive as a car
• Arthur is not as intelligent as Albert
• John is not as tall as Arnie.

A - Comparison with -er/-est

clean - cleaner - (the) cleanest

We use -er/-est with the following adjectives:

1) adjectives with one syllable

clean	cleaner	cleanest
new	newer	newest
cheap	cheaper	cheapest

2) adjectives with two syllables and the following endings:

2 - 1) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -y

dirty	dirtier	dirtiest
easy	easier	easiest
happy	happier	happiest
pretty	prettier	prettiest

2 - 2) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er

clever

cleverer

cleverest

2 - 3) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le

simple

simpler

simplest

2 - 4) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -ow

narrow

narrower

narrowest

Comparative Form and Superlative Form (irregular comparisons)

positive form	comparative form	superlative form
good	better	best
bad / ill	worse	worst
little (amount)	less	least
little (size)	smaller	smallest
much / many	more	most
far (place + time)	further	furthest
far (place)	farther	farthest
late (time)	later	latest
late (order)	latter	last
near (place)	nearer	nearest
near (order)	-	next
old (people and things)	older	oldest
old (people)	elder	eldest

And these are another comparison of adjectives :

COMPARISONS OF QUANTITY

To show difference: more, less, fewer + than

Examples:

With countable nouns: more / fewer

• Eloise has more children than Chantal.
• Chantal has fewer children than Eloise.
• There are fewer dogs in Cardiff than in Bristol
• I have visited fewer countries than my friend has.
• He has read fewer books than she has.

With uncountable nouns: more / less

• Eloise has more money than Chantal.
• Chantal has less money than Eloise.
• I spend less time on homework than you do.
• Cats drink less water than dogs.
• This new dictionary gives more information than the old one.

So, the rule is:

MORE + nouns that are countable or uncountable
FEWER + countable nouns
LESS + uncountable nouns

COMPARISONS OF QUANTITY

To show no difference: as much as , as many as, as few as, as little as

• as many as / as few as + countable nouns
• as much as / as little as + uncountable nouns

Examples:

With countable nouns:

• They have as many children as us.
• We have as many customers as them.
• Tom has as few books as Jane.
• There are as few houses in his village as in mine.
• You know as many people as I do.
• I have visited the States as many times as he has.

With uncountable nouns:

• John eats as much food as Peter.
• Jim has as little food as Sam.
• You've heard as much news as I have.
• He's had as much success as his brother has.
• They've got as little water as we have.
  

Those all short explanation about Comparison of Adjectives, Hope these English grammar article can give you short explanation about adjectives.

Sources : wikipedia

www.ego4u.com

www.englisch-hilfen.de

Learn English Vocabulary in easy ways.

Learn English Vocabulary in easy ways. It is a way to increase Vocabulary to express yourself. Once you have got to grips with the fundamentals of a language (pronunciation, orthography and basic grammar), you can concentrate on learning vocabulary. This is probably the most important and time-consuming part of learning a language. Below are a few techniques to help you with this task.

Associate the familiar with the unfamiliar

Try to find word or phrases in your L1 which sound like and if possible have a similar meaning to words in your L2. Build mental images or draw pictures based on the connections. For example, the Spanish for "ice" is hielo (m), which sounds like yellow. To remember this word imagine yellow ice. This is an enjoyable method because many of the associations you think up will be silly, absurd or bizarre.

Genders

To remember genders try picturing a Spanish-speaking region, divide it into two and place masculine nouns on one side and feminine words on the other. In the case of ice imagine the masculine half covered in yellow ice.

Avoiding language mix ups

Associating words from each language you learn with places where they are spoken will help you to avoid getting your languages mixed up. For example, if you're learning French and Spanish, imagine a map of Europe and place the French words in France and the Spanish words in Spain. Alternatively you could imagine a map of North America and place the Spanish words in Mexico and the French words in Quebec.

Testing and revision

To ensure the words stick in your memory, test yourself on them at regular intervals. If you learn some new words in the morning for example, check that you can still remember them later that day, the next day, a week later and a month later. If you find some words hard to recall, try thinking up different associations for them. You may need to try several different associations before you find one that works.

Learn related words & phrases

When learning the word for hand, for example, try to learn related words, such as parts of the hand; actions of the hand; other parts of the body, and things you might wear on your hands. Also try to learn words with the same root and phrases which include the word hand. As you learn more words you will start to spot connections between words. The more words you learn the easier you will find it to guess the meanings of new words.

Learn words in context

Learning long lists of unrelated words is boring, difficult and doesn't help you much when you come across those words in a different context. If you focus on learning words in the context you're most likely to find them, you're more likely to recognise them when you encounter them or need to use them again. When learning food words, for example, think about when you'd be most likely to use them, i.e. when cooking, eating, shopping, etc, and learn other words related to those situations. Then try constructing sentences using the new words. Good dictionaries contain examples of usage which you can use as models for your own sentences.

Practice reading as much as possible

A great way to build up you vocabulary is to have a go at reading books, magazines, newspapers or comics written in your L2. Ideally look for reading material covering topics you find interesting. When reading, try to guess the meanings of any words you don't know and then check them in a dictionary to see if your guesses were correct. You don't have to look up every unfamiliar word as long as you can get the gist of the text. Dual-language books, which are also known as parallel texts are a good way to get into literature in foreign languages. They usually have the original language on one page, and the translation on the opposite page. This safes you the trouble of looking up words in a dictionary. Reading comic books, like Asterix and Tintin, is an effective and fun way to improve your reading comprehension and vocabulary. The pictures help you to follow the story when you can't understand all of the dialogue.

Take your language to the next level

A great way to improve your reading comprehension and increase your vocabulary in French, German, Italian or Spanish. A compilation links below will help you to get your increasing words about vocabulary.

Making It Personal

Read journals and newspapers that challenge you in terms of vocabulary. Pursue words actively and become alert to words that you simply overlooked in the past. Write down the words in one column; then, later, when you have a dictionary at your disposal, write down a common definition of the word; in a third column, write a brief sentence using the word, underlined. Carry this paper or cardboard with you always. In the pauses of your busy day—when you're sitting on the bus, in the dentist's office, during commercials—take out the paper and review your vocabulary words until you feel comfortable that you would recognize (and be able to use) these words the next time you see them.

Using Every Resources

Newspapers often carry brief daily articles that explore the meanings of words and phrases. These articles often emphasize peculiar words that won't find themselves into your working vocabulary, but they can still be fun. Often you'll find that learning one new word leads to other new words, little constellations of meaning that keep your brain cells active and hungry for more. Make reading these articles one of your daily habits, an addiction, even. Play dictionary games with your family in which someone uses the dictionary to find a neat word and writes down the real definition and everyone else writes down a fake (and funny) definition. See how many people you can fool with your fake definitions.

Knowing the Roots

At least half of the words in the English language are derived from Greek and Latin roots. Knowing these roots helps us to grasp the meaning of words before we look them up in the dictionary. It also helps us to see how words are often arranged in families with similar characteristics.

Some common Greek and Latin roots:

	Root (source)	Meaning	English words
	aster, astr (G)	star	astronomy, astrology
	audi (L)	to hear	audible, auditorium
	bene (L)	good, well	benefit, benevolent
	bio (G)	life	biology, autobiography
	dic, dict (L)	to speak	dictionary, dictator
	fer (L)	to carry	transfer, referral
	fix (L)	to fasten	fix, suffix, affix
	geo (G)	earth	geography, geology
	graph (G)	to write	graphic, photography
	jur, just (L)	law	jury, justice
	log, logue (G)	word, thought, speech	monolog(ue), astrology, biology, neologism
	luc (L)	light	lucid, translucent
	manu (L)	hand	manual, manuscript
	meter, metr (G)	measure	metric, thermometer
	op, oper (L)	work	operation, operator
	path (G)	feeling	pathetic, sympathy, empathy
	ped (G)	child	pediatrics, pedophile
	phil (G)	love	philosophy, Anglophile
	phys (G)	body, nature	physical, physics
	scrib, script (L)	to write	scribble, manuscript
	tele (G)	far off	telephone,television
	ter, terr (L)	earth	territory, extraterrestrial
	vac (L)	empty	vacant, vacuum, evacuate
	verb (L)	word	verbal, verbose
	vid, vis (L)	to see	video, vision, television

	Root (source)	Meaning	English words
	aster, astr (G)	star	astronomy, astrology
	audi (L)	to hear	audible, auditorium
	bene (L)	good, well	benefit, benevolent
	bio (G)	life	biology, autobiography
	dic, dict (L)	to speak	dictionary, dictator
	fer (L)	to carry	transfer, referral
	fix (L)	to fasten	fix, suffix, affix
	geo (G)	earth	geography, geology
	graph (G)	to write	graphic, photography
	jur, just (L)	law	jury, justice
	log, logue (G)	word, thought, speech	monolog(ue), astrology, biology, neologism
	luc (L)	light	lucid, translucent
	manu (L)	hand	manual, manuscript
	meter, metr (G)	measure	metric, thermometer
	op, oper (L)	work	operation, operator
	path (G)	feeling	pathetic, sympathy, empathy
	ped (G)	child	pediatrics, pedophile
	phil (G)	love	philosophy, Anglophile
	phys (G)	body, nature	physical, physics
	scrib, script (L)	to write	scribble, manuscript
	tele (G)	far off	telephone,television
	ter, terr (L)	earth	territory, extraterrestrial
	vac (L)	empty	vacant, vacuum, evacuate
	verb (L)	word	verbal, verbose
	vid, vis (L)	to see	video, vision, television

Authority for this chart: The Little, Brown Handbook by H. Ramsay Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, & Kay Limburg. 6th ed. HarperCollins: New York. 1995. By permission of Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc.

Learning Prefixes and Suffixes

Knowing the Greek and Latin roots of several prefixes and suffixes (beginning and endings attached to words) can also help us determine the meaning of words. Ante, for instance, means before, and if we connect bellum with belligerant to figure out the connection with war, we'll know that antebellum refers to the period before war. (In the United States, the antebellum period is our history before the Civil War.)

Using Your Dictionary

The dictionary should be one of the most often used books in your home. (We'll allow room for sacred texts here.) Place the dictionary somewhere so that you can find it immediately and use it often. If you do your reading and homework in the kitchen and the dictionary is on a shelf in the den or bedroom, it's too tempting to say "I'll look it up next time."

Using the Internet

You can use the internet as an aid to vocabulary development by exploring the abundant opportunities for reading available on the World Wide Web.

Links

Vocabulary Training Exercises, in English, French, German and Spanish
http://www.vokabel.com

WordChamp - learn vocabulary in French, German, Japanese, and Spanish. Includes a variety of drills and thousands of recordings of native speakers, as well as a website decoder to read foreign websites - without translation!
http://www.wordchamp.com

Mentalcode -a collection of language resources with grammar and vocabulary references and interactive exercises
http://www.mentalcode.com

Interlex - a free Windows application that helps you learn vocabulary in a foreign language
http://www.vocab.co.uk

Verbulix - vocabulary and conjugation trainers for English, German and Spanish
http://www.vocabulix.com

ALBIS, a vocabulary learning system for many languages
http://albis.vetsin.com

The Town language mnemonic - a way of memorising vocabulary
http://www.mindtools.com/forlangu.html

VTrain - The Ultimate Vocabulary Trainer
http://www.vtrain.net

Vocabulary training program
http://www.happysquirrel.com

Shoenhof's Foreign Books - a wide range of books in over 700 languages
http://www.schoenhofs.com/

Courses which use some of the association techniques described above
http://www.linkwordlanguages.com
http://www.unforgettablelanguages.com

Foreign language comics
http://www.uclick.com/client/byr/be/
http://www.postwritersgroup.com/spanishedtoons.htm
http://www.dilbert.com/comics/dilbert/spanish/index.html
http://learningrussian.com/comics/
http://www.webgerman.com/german/comics/

• Garner's Usage Tip OF the Day Bryan Garner, author of A Dictionary of Modern American Usage (Oxford University Press), offers this invaluable, free, daily e-mail service. Subscription is easy. http://www.us.oup.com/us/subscriptions/subscribe/?view=usa .
• Vocab Vitamins (formerly "MyWordaDay"): Colin O'Malley maintains this Website, a treasure for people who know that developing an adequate vocabulary is not a short-term project. Users can visit the Website or have the WordaDay e-mailed to them. Words are arranged in meaningful groups and defined in painstaking and useful detail, with plenty of examples. http://www.vocabvitamins.com/.
• WORDSMITH: To subscribe or unsubscribe to A.Word.A.Day, send a message to wsmith@wordsmith.org with the "Subject:" line as "subscribe " or "unsubscribe." The Wordsmith has thousands of subscribers. It does a great job of discovering interesting themes and sources of words and then exploring those words—a word a day—for a week or so and then goes off to another theme and series of words.
• Word of the Day: Maintained by Merriam Webster, Inc., the dictionary people. Go to the online WWWebster Dictionary and click on Word of the Day. From there, you can either subscribe to their free daily service or explore their archives. The guides for pronunciation are easier to follow than Wordsmith's and the examples are well founded and even fun. The Merriam-Webster people also provide a neat link directly to their word database so that you can highlight a word on a Web-page, click on their icon in your personal toolbar and get an instant and authoritative definition for that word.
• The Atlantic section on Language: from the Atlantic Monthly's online journal. Select from "Word Court," "Word Fugitive," and "Word Police." http://www.theatlantic.com/language/.
• Word Safari challenges web surfers' knowledge of vocabulary, and then sends them off on expeditions to see the chosen word used in context on the web. Aiming her Web site at building academic vocabulary skills, Ruth Pettis adds new vocabulary words every week. http://home.earthlink.net/~ruthpett/safari/index.htm.

Sources : grammar.ccc.commnet.edu
www.omniglot.com

Verb as a part of English grammar.

Verbs as a part of English grammar are the topic that I have made summaries for you. Hope this part can be able for you more understand about learning English. These all the summaries about verbs. have a read and pay attention carefully.

Verb.
In syntax, a verb is a word (part of speech) that usually denotes an action (bring, read), an occurrence (decompose, glitter), or a state of being (exist, stand). Depending on the language, a verb may vary in form according to many factors, possibly including its tense, aspect, mood and voice. It may also agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments (subject, object, etc.)

The number of arguments that a verb takes is called its valency or valence. Verbs can be classified according to their valency.

• Intransitive (valency = 1): the verb only has a subject. For example: "he runs", "it falls".
• Transitive (valency = 2): the verb has a subject and a direct object. For example: "she eats fish", "we hunt deer".
• Ditransitive (valency = 3): the verb has a subject, a direct object and an indirect or secondary object. For example: "I gave her a book," "She sent me flowers."

The intransitive and transitive are typical, but the impersonal and objective are somewhat different from the norm. In this sense you can see that a verb is a person, place, thing, or link. In the objective the verb takes an object but no subject, the nonreferent subject in some uses may be marked in the verb by an incorporated dummy pronoun similar to the English weather verb. English verbs are often flexible with regard to valency. A transitive verb can often drop its object and become intransitive; or an intransitive verb can take an object and become transitive. Compare:

• I moved. (intransitive)
• I moved the book. (transitive)

In the first example, the verb move has no grammatical object. (In this case, there may be an object understood - the subject (I/myself). The verb is then possibly reflexive, rather than intransitive); in the second the subject and object are distinct. The verb has a different valency, but the form remains exactly the same. and there are many kind of verbal usage in English grammar, those are :

Auxiliary verb
Catenative Verbs
Compound verb
Control verb
English verbs
Irregular verb
Latin verbs
Light verb
Phrasal verbs
Raising verb
Reflexive verb
Stative verb
Syntax
Transitivity (grammatical category)
Verb argument
Verb framing
Verbification
Verb phrase

The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and express actions, events, or states of being. The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of a sentence. In each of the following sentences, the verb or compound verb is highlighted:

Dracula bites his victims on the neck.

The verb "bites" describes the action Dracula takes.

In early October, Giselle will plant twenty tulip bulbs.

Here the compound verb "will plant" describes an action that will take place in the future.

My first teacher was Miss Crawford, but I remember the janitor Mr. Weatherbee more vividly.

In this sentence, the verb "was" (the simple past tense of "is") identifies a particular person and the verb "remembered" describes a mental action.

Karl Creelman bicycled around the world in 1899, but his diaries and his bicycle were destroyed.

In this sentence, the compound verb "were destroyed" describes an action which took place in the past.

Verbs and Verbals.

Verbs carry the idea of being or action in the sentence.

• I am a student.
• The students passed all their courses.

verbs are classified in many ways. First, some verbs require an object to complete their meaning: "She gave _____ ?" Gave what? She gave money to the conservatory. These verbs are called transitive. Verbs that are intransitive do not require objects: "The building collapsed." In English, you cannot tell the difference between a transitive and intransitive verb by its form; you have to see how the verb is functioning within the sentence. In fact, a verb can be both transitive and intransitive: "The monster collapsed the building by sitting on it."

Verbs are also classified as either finite or non-finite. A finite verb makes an assertion or expresses a state of being and can stand by itself as the main verb of a sentence.

• The truck demolished the restaurant.
• The leaves were yellow and sickly.

Non-finite verbs (think "unfinished") cannot, by themselves, be main verbs:

• The broken window . . .
• The wheezing gentleman . . .

The inflections (endings) of English verb forms are not difficult to remember. There are only four basic forms. Instead of forming complex tense forms with endings, English uses auxiliary verb forms. English does not even have a proper ending for future forms; instead, we use auxiliaries such as "I am going to read this afternoon." or "I will read." or even "I am reading this book tomorrow." It would be useful, however, to learn these four basic forms of verb construction.

Name of verb	Base form	Past form	Present participle	Past participle
to work	I can work. I work.	I worked.	I am working.	I have worked.
to write	I can write. I write.	I wrote.	I am writing.	I have written.

Source : Wikipedia
University of Ottawa.
grammar.ccc.commnet.edu

Internet Topic in English Vocabulary.

Internet Topic in English Vocabulary. these all about vocabularies in English of Internet Topic.

A. = Adjective ADV. = Adverb IDM. = Idiom N. = Noun V. = Verb
a browser	N. a program used to view the Internet Microsoft Internet Explorer and Firefox are examples of popular Internet browsers.
to click	V. 1) to press the button on a computer mouse 2) to make a small, sharp sound
a click	N. 1) the pressing of the mouse button 2) a small, sharp sound
content	N. subject matter; the main idea of a book, a paper or a web page
to copyright	V. to legally protect content with a copyright
a copyright	N. the right in law to be the only producer, seller or distributor of a book, a play or a web page
to design	V. to artistically arrange the shape or layout of something
a design	N. 1) the artistic shape or layout of something 2) an architectural or technical plan for something
to format	V. to determine the size, shape and form of a written document
a format	N. the size, shape and form of a written document
infringement	N. breaking a law or rule, disregarding a legal protection
Internet (Net)	N. a series of interconnected computers and databases around the world
to lay out	V. to design the technical arrangement of a web page, building, garden, etc.
a layout	N. the technical arrangement of a web page, building, garden, etc.
World Wide Web (Web)	N. a series of commercial, educational and governmental web pages on the Internet

And these are some examples of conversation about Internet and you can fill it in your other paper works. Good luck !

Vocabulary in Conversation

Fill in all the gaps using the new vocabulary, then click the "Check" button to check your answers.

browsers click content copyright design format Internet layout World Wide Web

Farrel: Hey! What are you looking at, Barbara?

Nurul: I am taking a class called 21st Century Advertising. The teacher wants us to study different web sites to learn about web page .

Farrel: That sounds like a great class for people who are studying business.

Nurul: It is. The is the future of business. And the is going to be the storefront of the next century. To be competitive, businesses have to adapt their current advertising techniques. However, creating a good web site is much more difficult than most people think.

Farrel: Have you discovered anything interesting which you consider to be well designed?

Nurul: Yeah, this site is fantastic. Take a look. It's very artistic and the technical is convenient and very logical. It also looks good in different . I have already viewed it in Microsoft Explorer and Firefox. The is also fantastic; the size and shape of the text are perfect. I am going to borrow some of their techniques when I make my own web page for class.

Farrel: Borrowing ideas is OK, but you have to remember that the of all web pages is legally protected.

Nurul: I know. Our professor taught us about intellectual rights. He told us that infringement is a real concern for people who publish on the Web.

Farrel: That's right. Hey, that picture says "continue on." Why don't you there so we can see the next page.

Nurul: OK.

Source : Englishpage.com

Idioms describing people

Idioms describing people.

A Positive and negative qualities

Positive Negative
She has a hearth of gold She's as hard as nails
[ very kind, generous] [ no sympathy ]
He is as good as gold. He's rather a cold fish
[ generous, helpful, well-behaved ] [ distant, unfriendly ]

note also :
He's such an awkward costumer. [ difficult person to deal with ]
She's a pain in the neck. Nobody like her.
[ nuisance, difficult ]
He gets on everyone's nerves. [ irritates everybody ]

B People ' fast' and 'slow' qualities

fast slow
He's very quick off the mark ; I was a bit slow off the mark ; He always gets things before The job had been filled by the time I got the everybody else Forms. You've asked him to marry you! Come on ! hurry up ! You're a fast worker ! you only You're such a slow- coach ! met him three weeks ago !


C How people relate to the social norm.

She's a bit of an odd-ball; very strange. [ particular, strange ]
He's really over the top [ very exaggerated in behavior ]
He's round the bend, if you ask me. [ absolutely crazy / mad ]
My politics are very middle-of-the-road.
[ very normal, no radical ideas; neither left-nor right-wing ]

D Who's who in the class? Idioms for 'people in the classroom'

Teachers pet
Mary's top of the class
a real know all
a bit of a big-head
a lazy-bones

Idioms and fixed expressions-general

Idioms are fixed expressions with meanings that are usually not clear or obvious. The individual words often give you no help in deciding the meaning. The expression to feel under the weather, which means to feel unwell is a typical idiom. The words do not tell us what it means, but the context usually helps.

A Tips for dealing with idioms

Think of idioms as being just like single words, always record the whole phrase in your notebook, along with information on grammar and collocation.

example : This bottle-opener has seen better days { it is rather old and broken down. usually of-
things, always perfect tense form}

Idioms are usually rather informal and include an element of personal comment on the situation. They are sometimes humorous or ironoc. As with any informal " commenting " single word, be careful how you use them. Never use them just to sound 'fluent' or 'good' at English. In formal situation with a person you do not know , don't say " How do you do, Mr. Andy. Do take the weight off your feet" instead say " Do sit down" or 'have a seat'.

Idioms can be grouped in a variety of ways. Use which every way you find most useful to help you remember them. Here are some possible types of grouping.

Grammatical
get the wrong end of the stick ( misunderstand)
pull a fast one { trick/deceive somebody }
poke your nose in (to) { interfere }
be over the moon { extremely happy/ elated }
fell down in the dumps { depressed / low }
be in the red { have a negative blank balance }

By morning
e.g. Idioms describing people's character intellect.

He's as draft as a brush ( very stupid/silly)
He takes the biscuit (is the extreme / the worth of all )
You're a pain in the neck ( a nuisance/ difficult person)

By Verb or other Key word.
e.g. Idioms with make

I don't see why you have to make a meal out of everything. ( I exaggerate the importance of-
everything.
I think we should make a move. It's gone ten o'clock. ( go/leave ).
Most politicians are on the make. I don't trust any of them. ( wanting money/ power for
oneself ).

B Grammar of Idioms
It is important when using idioms to know just how flexible their grammar is. Some are more fixed then others. For instance, barking up the wrong tree ( be mistaken ) is always used in continuous, not simple form. e.g. I think you're barking up the wrong tree.
A good dictionary may help but it is best to observe the grammar in real examples.

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